Examples
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Process Description (formerly Process Diagram) examples
The following are some sample maps illustrating the SBGN Process Description language.
MAPK
This example of an SBGN Process Description uses two kinds of Entity Pool Nodes (that is, nodes representing biochemically-indistinguishable entities such as molecules). One kind of Entity Pool Node (whose glyph is a rounded rectangle) represents different macromolecules, and the other (whose glyph is a circle) represents pools of simple chemicals. Most macromolecule nodes in this map are also adorned with state variables representing phosphorylation states. This map uses one type of process node, the transition node, and one kind of connecting arc, catalysis. Finally, some entity pool nodes have dark bands along their bottoms; these are clone markers indicating that the same pool nodes appear multiple times in the diagram.
Glycolysis
This example illustrates how SBGN can be used to describe metabolic pathways. The following map represents glycolysis, the process that releases energy from the catabolism of glucose. In this example, macromolecules are only catalysts, and the other (whose glyph is a circle) are consumed or produced. Note that some carry clone markers, while others, present only once, do not need to.
Insulin signaling
Next example presents an example of signalling pathway, that examplifies the use of the entity pool nodes observable, and state variable, the containers complex, compartment and submap, the process nodes association, and the connecting arcs stimulation. Note the complex IGF and IGF receptor, located on the boundary of the compartment. This position is only for user convenience. The complex has to belong to a given compartment in SBGN Process Diagram Level 1. This example also shows how details can be hidden by using a submap. The submap called MAPK cascade is shown in the first example above. Note the tags that permit to identify the same entity in the submap and the main map.
Neuro-muscular junction
This example introduces an SBGN Process Description that spans several compartments. Note that the compartment [synaptic vesicle] is not contained in the compartment [synaptic button] but overlaps it. The simple chemical [ACh] of the [synaptic vesicle] is not the same entity pool node than the [ACh] of the [synaptic button] and of [synaptic cleft]. The situation is similar with the compartments [ER] and [muscle cytosol]. The map exemplifies the use of the process nodes omitted and dissociation, and the connecting arc Necessary activation.
And the colorful version of that map as well:
IFN regulation
This next example involves a gene regulatory network. It also shows the use of the Entity Pool Node source/sink and the logical operator glyph for and.
Entity Relationship Diagram examples
PCR
This example presents the different relations between the four entities involved in a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This examplifies the use of the entity, the logical operator or, the state variable existence, the unit of information, as well as the relationships interaction, assignment, necessary stimulation and absolute inhibition.
CaMKII in synaptic plasticity
This example depicts the effect of a depolarisation (dV) on the intracellular calcium, that binds to calmodulin, that itself binds to the calcium/calmoduline kinase II (CaMKII). The binding of calmodulin inhibits the folding of CaMKII monomer on itself, thus relieving the inhibition on the kinase activity. The phosphorylation of the glutamate receptors finally leads to the Long Term Potentiation (LTP) of the synapses. In addition, the map shows the effect of trans-phosphorylation on threonine 286, that makes the enzyme constitutively active, and on threonine 306, that renders the kinase insensitive to calmodulin, as well as the dimerisation of the kinase.
